Understanding Breast Cancer and the Importance of Health Insurance

In India, nearly 1,78,000 new cases of breast cancer are recorded annually. It has now surpassed cervical cancer as the most prevalent cancer among Indian women, with an increasing number of young women being affected. Various factors contribute to breast cancer, and treatment can be expensive. Relying solely on personal savings for medical expenses may not be ideal. To safeguard yourself and your loved ones, obtaining health insurance is crucial.

Since breast cancer is a severe illness, the coverage amount in a general policy may be insufficient. In such cases, critical illness insurance can provide necessary financial support.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that primarily affects women, though men can also develop it. The breast comprises various layers of tissue, and cancer can originate in any of them. If untreated, the disease can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. However, not all lumps in the breast are cancerous; many are benign. Nevertheless, some benign lumps have the potential to become malignant.

Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. These cancerous cells may spread to nearby lymph nodes and other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.

The two main types of breast cancer are:

• Ductal carcinoma: Originates in the milk ducts that carry milk to the nipple.
• Lobular carcinoma: Begins in the lobules, which produce breast milk.

How Breast Cancer Spreads

Breast cancer can spread through the blood or lymphatic system when malignant cells enter these streams. The likelihood of spreading depends on factors like cancer type, stage, and treatment. Metastatic breast cancer can present symptoms different from the initial signs of the disease.

Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Common indicators include:

• Lumps in the breast
• Swelling in parts of the breast
• Skin irritation or dimpling
• Redness around the nipple
• Unusual nipple discharge (not breast milk)
• Changes in breast shape or size

A self-examination can help in early detection. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

Causes of Breast Cancer

The exact cause of breast cancer remains unclear, but it results from genetic and environmental factors. Some key risk factors include:

1. Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the risk.
2. Hormonal Factors: Prolonged estrogen exposure raises breast cancer susceptibility.
3. Lifestyle Choices: Excessive alcohol, smoking, and lack of physical activity contribute to the risk.
4. Environmental Factors: Radiation and certain chemicals may trigger genetic mutations.
5. Reproductive History: Early menstruation (before 12), late menopause (after 55), and not having children slightly increase breast cancer risks due to prolonged hormonal exposure.

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer can be diagnosed using various methods:

• Breast Examination: A doctor checks for lumps and abnormalities.
• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to detect irregularities.
• Mammogram: An X-ray to identify lumps or abnormalities.
• Biopsy: Tissue sample extraction for laboratory analysis.

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Treatment options include:

1. Surgery

• Lumpectomy: Removes the tumor and a small surrounding area.
• Mastectomy: Removes the entire affected breast.
• Sentinel Node Biopsy: Removes lymph nodes if cancer has spread.
• Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: Removes additional lymph nodes from the armpit.
• Double Mastectomy: Removes both breasts if there is a high risk of cancer spreading.

2. Chemotherapy

A combination of drugs administered orally or intravenously to destroy cancer cells.

3. Radiation Therapy

High-energy radiation targets and eliminates cancer cells.

4. Hormonal Therapy

Blocks hormones that fuel the growth of cancer cells.

Final Thoughts

Early detection and prompt treatment can improve survival rates. Given the high treatment costs, health insurance—especially critical illness coverage—can provide financial security and ensure access to necessary medical care. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with breast cancer, consult a doctor and review your insurance options to secure the best possible treatment.